Jon Henke, at Megan's blog, evocatively but a little too glibly sums up the Conservative Problem with two apparently contrasting quotes:
From Ronald Reagan:
If you analyze it I believe the very heart and soul of
conservatism is libertarianism. ... The basis of conservatism is a
desire for less government interference or less centralized authority
or more individual freedom and this is a pretty general description
also of what libertarianism is.
To Rick Santorum:
One of the criticisms I make is to what I refer to as
more of a libertarianish right. ... This whole idea of personal
autonomy, well I don’t think most conservatives hold that point of
view. Some do. They have this idea that people should be left alone, be
able to do whatever they want to do, government should keep our taxes
down and keep our regulations low, that we shouldn’t get involved in
the bedroom, we shouldn’t get involved in cultural issues. You know,
people should do whatever they want. Well, that is not how traditional
conservatives view the world and I think most conservatives understand
that individuals can’t go it alone. That there is no such society that
I am aware of, where we’ve had radical individualism and that it
succeeds as a culture.
I am no great defender of Rick Santorum, and I am inclined to think about 'community' the way Thatcher thought about 'society', but it's obvious that what falls through the cracks in the easy contrast between Reagan's and Santorum's comments is the difference between cultural libertarianism and political libertarianism. Reagan is clearly talking about the latter; Santorum is talking about the former. There are obvious problems: Reagan says 'less centralized authority', not 'less centralized power', and Santorum says 'succeeds as a culture' but also talks openly of 'government' getting 'involved in the bedroom.' So I don't want to be too glib in the other direction and suggest it's easy in today's climate for conservatives or anyone else to neatly separate out political from cultural issues.
But I do think it's easier as a rule than it is now, and this is so because the basic general (as opposed to central) authority governing our cultural conduct has more or less unraveled, and we are trying to fill that gap through politics and, specifically, through law. This won't work, but it's a stopgap measure until the culture reconstitutes itself authoritatively. But since cultural libertarianism holds, when it comes to cultural authority, that the only rule is there are no rules, this is something of a pipe dream. And this is the main point Santorum is trying to make, even though he is the wrong messenger because he wants to put central (i.e. Federal) power to work in institutionalizing a cultural authority that can no longer stand on its own two feet. Reagan, on the other hand, is clearly speaking in political terms, speaking of conservatism as a political disposition that carries, viewed from the national level, a bias against checking cultural libertarianism with centralized political power.
I agree with this disposition and this bias. But in no way do they lead me to celebrate cultural libertarianism. In a further complication, I am a great fan of cultural pluralism or cultural federalism, seeing it as a better and more practical realization of Nozickian politics. Libertarians hate making this switch because it results, politically speaking, in more injustice toward individuals, which I care less about insofar as I am very forgiving (from a decent distance) when it comes to 'cultural injustices.' At least in America: where if you don't like it, move. We are very very fortunate to be able to do this as easily as we can and do. And no, this isn't simply a function of our oil-based economy. In covered-wagon times it worked as well. Yes, there were hardships that raised the barrier to entry. But that kind of suffering to live the way you want with like-minded Americans of your more or less choosing seems to me worth the payoff in decentralized power and decentralized authority. Sadly this may not be a popular attitude among mainstream conservatives -- or even, given their true preferences, a sustainable one.
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